A Multiple Attribute Decision Making Approach Based on New Similarity Measures of Interval-valued Hesitant Fuzzy Sets

Hesitant fuzzy sets, as an extension of fuzzy sets to deal with uncertainty, have attracted much attention since its introduction, in both theory and application aspects. The present work is focused on the interval-valued hesitant fuzzy sets (IVHFSs) to manage additional uncertainty. Now that distance and similarity as a kind of information measures are essential and important numerical indexes in fuzzy set theory and all their extensions, the present work aims at investigating distance and similarity measures in the IVHFSs and then employing them into multiple attribute decision making application. To begin with, II-type generalized interval-valued hesitant fuzzy distance is firstly introduced in the IVHFS, along with its properties and its relationships with the traditional Hamming-Distance and the Euclidean distance. Afterwards, another interval-valued hesitant fuzzy Lp distance based on Lp metric is proposed and its relationship with the Hausdorff distance is discussed. In addition, different from most of similarity measures with dependent on the corresponding distances, a new similarity measure based on set-theoretic approach for IVHFSs is introduced and its properties are discussed; especially, a relative similarity measure is proposed based on the positive ideal IVHFS and the negative ideal IVHFS. Finally, we describe how the IVHFS and its relative similarity measure can be applied to multiple attribute decision making. A numerical example is then provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method

Fabrication and Characterization of Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

The goal of my research was to mechanically exfoliate single to few atomic layer samples of Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2 ), Tungsten Diselenide (WSe2 ), and Tungsten Disulfide (WS2 ) and characterize these 2D materials by multiple methods. I used Atomic Force Microscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Optical Microscopy to accomplish this. In addition, I measured the electrical properties of the exfoliated materials by fabricating a device and taking basic measurements

Ferroelectric-Domain-Patterning-Controlled Schottky Junction State in Monolayer MoS\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e

We exploit scanning-probe-controlled domain patterning in a ferroelectric top layer to induce nonvolatile modulation of the conduction characteristic of monolayer MoS2 between a transistor and a junction state. In the presence of a domain wall, MoS2 exhibits rectified I-V characteristics that are well described by the thermionic emission model. The induced Schottky barrier height ΦeffB varies from 0.38 to 0.57 eV and is tunable by a SiO2 global back gate, while the tuning range of ΦeffB depends sensitively on the conduction-band-tail trapping states. Our work points to a new route to achieving programmable functionalities in van der Waals materials and sheds light on the critical performance limiting factors in these hybrid systems

Oxidation Degradation of Rhodamine B in Aqueous by UV

The UV photolysis of persulfate (S2O8 2−) is a novel advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs), which leads to the formation of strong oxidizing radicals, sulfate radicals (SO4 •−). The effect of oxidant S2O8 2− concentration, initial dye concentration, initial pH of solution, and various inorganic anions (Cl−, H2PO4 −, and HCO3 −) were investigated using Rhodamine B (RhB), a kind of xanthene dye, as a model pollutant. With the increase of oxidant S2O8 2−, more SO4 •− produced to attack RhB molecules and result in the increase of RhB degradation. While the improvement was not sustained above a critical value, beyond which degradation rate does not increase. Initial pH of solution had great effect on the RhB degradation rate during UV/S2O8 2− system. SO4 •− is rather stable in acidic solutions, while increasing system pH results in the transformation of SO4 •− to •OH. The effects of three inorganic anions (Cl−, H2PO4 −, and HCO3 −) all had some negative effect on the degradation of RhB. Based on the RhB solution changes of the UV-vis absorption intensity during the UV/S2O8 2− treatment, decolorization of RhB accompanied the destruction of aromatic ring structures of RhB molecules

Self-assembled RNA interference microsponges for efficient siRNA delivery

The encapsulation and delivery of short interfering RNA (siRNA) has been realized using lipid nanoparticles1, 2, cationic complexes3, 4, inorganic nanoparticles5, 6, 7, 8, RNA nanoparticles9, 10 and dendrimers11. Still, the instability of RNA and the relatively ineffectual encapsulation process of siRNA remain critical issues towards the clinical translation of RNA as a therapeutic1, 12, 13. Here we report the synthesis of a delivery vehicle that combines carrier and cargo: RNA interference (RNAi) polymers that self-assemble into nanoscale pleated sheets of hairpin RNA, which in turn form sponge-like microspheres. The RNAi-microsponges consist entirely of cleavable RNA strands, and are processed by the cell’s RNA machinery to convert the stable hairpin RNA to siRNA only after cellular uptake, thus inherently providing protection for siRNA during delivery and transport to the cytoplasm. More than half a million copies of siRNA can be delivered to a cell with the uptake of a single RNAi-microsponge. The approach could lead to novel therapeutic routes for siRNA delivery.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH) NIBIB Grant R01-EB008082)United States. American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 ((ARRA) grant)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Division of Materials Research Polymers Program grant #0705234)David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT (Nanotechnology grant

Prevention measures of the infection disease in Belgium and its revelation to COVID-19

Abstract: The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought great challenges to China and even the world public health. Belgium has rich experiences in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. By searching the related literature and policy documents, this study reviews the emergency management laws and regulations, organization framework, funding, emergency system in Belgium and summarizes the successful experience of Belgian policies and measures for the prevention and control of epidemic Ebola in 2014.On this basis, the paper puts forward suggestions for COVID-19: To establish permanent infectious disease risk assessment team, build a cloud platform for prevention and control of infectious diseases by using big data and conduct practices regularly for the prevention of the infectious diseases. Key words: Belgium, prevention and control of infectious diseases, COVID-1

Automatically Discovering Novel Visual Categories with Self-supervised Prototype Learning

This paper tackles the problem of novel category discovery (NCD), which aims to discriminate unknown categories in large-scale image collections. The NCD task is challenging due to the closeness to the real-world scenarios, where we have only encountered some partial classes and images. Unlike other works on the NCD, we leverage the prototypes to emphasize the importance of category discrimination and alleviate the issue of missing annotations of novel classes. Concretely, we propose a novel adaptive prototype learning method consisting of two main stages: prototypical representation learning and prototypical self-training. In the first stage, we obtain a robust feature extractor, which could serve for all images with base and novel categories. This ability of instance and category discrimination of the feature extractor is boosted by self-supervised learning and adaptive prototypes. In the second stage, we utilize the prototypes again to rectify offline pseudo labels and train a final parametric classifier for category clustering. We conduct extensive experiments on four benchmark datasets and demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method with state-of-the-art performance.Comment: In Submissio